Which treatment for Bipolar Disorder works by increasing GABA and decreasing Na+ levels?

Valproic acid is the correct choice as it is known to influence neurotransmitter systems, particularly by enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. This increased GABA activity helps stabilize mood and reduce the incidence of manic and depressive episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder.

Additionally, valproic acid is associated with decreasing sodium (Na+) levels as it stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting sodium channels. This action further contributes to its effectiveness in managing the symptoms of bipolar disorder, making it a preferred treatment option for many patients experiencing this condition.

Understanding the mechanisms of action for various treatments is crucial in psychiatry, as it helps clinicians select appropriate medications based on the individual needs of patients. In contrast, other medications listed, such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and lithium, have different mechanisms that do not primarily focus on increasing GABA or directly decreasing sodium levels in the same way that valproic acid does. For instance, lamotrigine is more effective in the depressive components of bipolar disorder and works primarily through anticonvulsant properties and modulation of glutamate. Carbamazepine also affects sodium channels but has a different profile