What is the typical treatment for opioid intoxication, such as heroin?

The typical treatment for opioid intoxication, such as that caused by heroin, is naloxone. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. It works by binding to the same receptors in the brain that opioids bind to, effectively displacing the opioid molecules and reversing their effects.

While buprenorphine is a medication used in the treatment of opioid dependence, it is not used in acute opioid intoxication situations. Instead, buprenorphine is a partial agonist that can help with withdrawal and maintenance therapy in individuals seeking to overcome addiction. However, during an acute intoxication, the immediate life-saving action provided by naloxone is paramount.

Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist and is not effective for opioids. It is designed for reversing benzodiazepine overdose and can even precipitate seizures in patients with poly-drug overdoses. Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose and does not have any effect on opioid intoxication.

Therefore, naloxone is the standard of care for opioid overdoses due to its rapid action and life-saving properties.