What is a potential risk associated with the use of typical first-generation antipsychotics?

The correct response focuses on Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), which is a rare but serious condition associated with the use of first-generation antipsychotics, also known as typical antipsychotics. NMS is characterized by a combination of severe muscle rigidity, high fever, autonomic instability, and altered mental status. This life-threatening syndrome arises due to dopamine receptor blockade in the central nervous system, which is a hallmark of typical antipsychotic medications.

Understanding NMS is crucial for clinical practice because it requires immediate recognition and intervention. The syndrome typically develops rapidly, within days to weeks of starting or increasing the dose of a typical antipsychotic. The management of NMS involves discontinuation of the offending agent, supportive care, and sometimes the use of medications such as dantrolene or bromocriptine.

While other risks are also associated with first-generation antipsychotics, they manifest differently. For example, agranulocytosis is a significant risk primarily associated with clozapine, a second-generation antipsychotic. Increased risk of heart disease and hyperglycemia are concerns linked to second-generation antipsychotics as well; first-generation medications are less commonly associated with these metabolic side effects.