What defense mechanism involves expressing the opposite of an unacceptable emotion?

The defense mechanism that involves expressing the opposite of an unacceptable emotion is known as reaction formation. In this process, an individual consciously behaves in ways that are contrary to their true feelings, often in an exaggerated manner. For instance, a person who feels hostility toward someone might exhibit exaggerated friendliness toward that individual instead. This mechanism helps to protect the individual from the anxiety that arises from the unacceptable feelings, as it allows them to avoid direct confrontation with those emotions.

This concept is particularly relevant in therapeutic settings, where clients may present themselves in ways that veer away from their inner conflicts or discomfort. By understanding reaction formation, mental health professionals can better interpret behaviors that may initially seem contradictory.

In contrast to reaction formation, repression involves unconsciously blocking unacceptable thoughts or feelings from awareness, denial entails refusing to accept reality or facts, and projection involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person. Each of these mechanisms serves different purposes and reflects the complexity of how individuals manage their emotions and psychological conflicts.