What are the typical symptom categories identified for schizophrenia?

The identification of symptom categories for schizophrenia primarily revolves around the concepts of positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, which represent an excess or distortion of normal functions. Negative symptoms refer to a decrease or loss of normal functions, such as diminished emotional expression, lack of motivation, and social withdrawal.

While bizarre delusions and hallucinations are indeed common features of schizophrenia, they are components of the broader categories of symptoms rather than a classification by themselves. This is also true for the mention of catatonia, which describes a state of unresponsiveness rather than a primary symptom category. Mood swings and anxiety are not typically classified symptoms of schizophrenia; rather, they may occur as co-morbid conditions but do not encapsulate the defining characteristics of the disorder.

The classification into positive and negative symptoms provides a more comprehensive understanding of how schizophrenia manifests, allowing for better treatment approaches tailored toward managing both the excesses and deficits associated with the illness. Thus, the correct answer highlights the crucial framework used in diagnosing and understanding schizophrenia's complexity.