A patient taking antipsychotics presents with grimacing, tongue protrusion, and lip smacking. What is this condition called?

The condition described is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements such as grimacing, tongue protrusion, and lip smacking, which are hallmark signs of tardive dyskinesia. This condition can occur as a side effect in patients who have been on long-term antipsychotic medication. Tardive dyskinesia is particularly notable for its delayed onset, often appearing after prolonged use of antipsychotics, and it can sometimes persist even after the medication is discontinued.

In contrast, acute dystonic reactions typically occur shortly after the initiation of antipsychotic treatment and involve sustained muscle contractions and abnormal postures, rather than the characteristic movements seen in tardive dyskinesia. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a serious and potentially life-threatening reaction that includes symptoms such as rigidity, fever, and autonomic instability, and it is not characterized by the specific movements mentioned in the question. Akathisia presents with restlessness and an urge to move but does not involve the rhythmic, abnormal movements associated with tardive dyskinesia.